About the Project

Below are a few notes about how the content is written:

The clauses of treaties are usually quite clear for both Chinese and English records. Should the main points of a treaty appear different in the two sections, it is done to reflect the different emphasis the records had between the two languages. The same is done for wars that involved a significant number of battles.

It is also worth noting that a majority of Chinese records referenced on this website are from sources from Mainland China, after 1949. Although some sources are pre-1949 or not from Mainland China, the records may have a bias for the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) and against the Nationalist government, which was headed by KMT (Kuomintang). This choice is made because 1) the aforementioned type of sources is more available online and; 2) these sources typically dominated the historical narrative in China, and this website aims to provide a rather realistic view on how history is seen there.